These key combinations apply only to Mac computers with an Intel processor, not Mac computers with Apple silicon.
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To use any of these key combinations, press and hold the keys immediately after pressing the power button to turn on your Mac, or after your Mac begins to restart. Keep holding until the described behavior occurs.
- Command (⌘)-R: Start up from the built-in macOS Recovery system. Or use Option-Command-R or Shift-Option-Command-R to start up from macOS Recovery over the Internet. macOS Recovery installs different versions of macOS, depending on the key combination you use while starting up. If your Mac is using a firmware password, you're prompted to enter the password.
- Option (⌥) or Alt: Start up to Startup Manager, which allows you to choose other available startup disks or volumes. If your Mac is using a firmware password, you're prompted to enter the password.
- Option-Command-P-R:Reset NVRAM or PRAM. If your Mac is using a firmware password, it ignores this key combination or starts up from macOS Recovery.
- Shift (⇧): Start up in safe mode. Disabled when using a firmware password.
- D: Start up to the Apple Diagnostics utility. Or use Option-Dto start up to this utility over the Internet. Disabled when using a firmware password.
- N: Start up from a NetBoot server, if your Mac supports network startup volumes. To use the default boot image on the server, hold down Option-N instead. Disabled when using a firmware password.
- Command-S: Start up in single-user mode. Disabled in macOS Mojave or later, or when using a firmware password.
- T: Start up in target disk mode. Disabled when using a firmware password.
- Command-V: Start up in verbose mode. Disabled when using a firmware password.
- Eject (⏏) or F12 or mouse button or trackpad button: Eject removable media, such as an optical disc. Disabled when using a firmware password.
If a key combination doesn't work
If a key combination doesn't work at startup, one of these solutions might help:
- Press and hold all keys in the combination together, not one at a time.
- Shut down your Mac. Then press the power button to turn on your Mac. Then press and hold the keys as your Mac starts up.
- Wait a few seconds before pressing the keys, to give your Mac more time to recognize the keyboard as it starts up. Some keyboards have a light that flashes briefly at startup, indicating that the keyboard is recognized and ready for use.
- If you're using a wireless keyboard, plug it into your Mac, if possible. Or use your built-in keyboard or a wired keyboard. If you're using a keyboard made for a PC, such as a keyboard with a Windows logo, try a keyboard made for Mac.
- If you're using Boot Camp to start up from Microsoft Windows, set Startup Disk preferences to start up from macOS instead. Then shut down or restart and try again.
Remember that some key combinations are disabled when your Mac is using a firmware password.
Learn more
- Keyboard shortcuts that you can use after your Mac has started up.
Start Menu is a very simple app launcher for macOS. Despite multiple ways to launch apps, that already exist, this tool could be useful for some people. It just displays all your apps in alphabetical order, in a place where you need it - that's all. You can drag its icon to any place of your Dock, where you'd like to see the application list. To make it active after system restart, click its Dock icon with a right mouse/ trackpad button and choose Options Open at login. Icon customisation is available as well.
Tips and tricks
Memu Macos Catalina
You can click the icon with a right mouse button or with Ctrl key to show the more compact list of Applications without icons.
If you would like to have Start Menu running on your Mac startup, click it with a right mouse button and check 'Open at login'.
You can scroll the program list with a mouse wheel, or type the first characters of the program you need, to find its menu item.
Memu Macos Update
To change the button title in the Dock - just rename the program. If you don't like its logo, you can replace the program icon with any other .icns file, just open the program package and replace Logo.icns file with your file. Restart the program to apply the changes.